閱讀基礎能力訓練（中）：提升閱讀速度（讀得快）
（注意！這個訓練僅適用於「讀得懂但讀得慢」的朋友。如果今天有閱讀理解的障礙，請先以這個訓練開始。）
很多戰友都在問：我的英文閱讀速度很慢，RC常常看一篇文章就要花四到五分鐘，導致考試的時候根本無法在時間內對所有題目發揮應有的實力，怎麼辦？
在這裡，Dustin先提醒各位一件事情：
如果要繼續往下看，用以下Dustin所提供的方法提升閱讀速度，請你至少留4-5周以上的時間，不要貿然就去報考2-3周以上的考試。以下的方法無法讓你密集衝刺，而是需要3周以上的時間每天花1-2小時以上去做。閱讀速度是「語言問題」，不是「知識思考問題」。無法一夜自通，只有規律訓練才能提升。
1. 每天早上起床、晚上睡前，各抓30min「英文報導」當「背景音樂」。
Dustin以前英文也很爛（怎麼大家都不相信？！），文章怎麼看就是不懂不順。但是有一天，我終於發現了一個道理：
閱讀閱讀，其實我們是有閱也有讀，而且重點是「讀」
什麼意思呢？今天我們在看文字，不管是中文或英文，通常都是看到了那段話，在心裡面默默把音念出來，再去理解的。懷疑嗎？來看看下面這段吧。
如今這些目標越來越宏大中國正在積累關於微晶片和電動汽車等未來行業的專有技術往往是通過推動那些受中國龐大市場吸引的外國公司分享技術來實現它也在專利和商標方面加強執法力度期待未來有一天可以成為這些技術領域內的領先者並利用知識產權來保護自己的領先位置抵禦與其競爭的經濟體
讀起來很卡對不對？因為標點符號是讓我們換氣、念出來通順的。所以今天閱讀速度要變快，與其說去背多一點單字或念多一點文章，不如先來培養自己的語感：多聽英文。
每天早上、睡前在開始一天的正事前，再作雜事或放空、玩手機、整理房間等等的時候，打開英文報導開始聽30min！
這時大家一定會有個疑問－－不認真聽，那聽不懂該怎麼辦？
錯了，重點不在聽懂，而在「持續」。我一開始聽的時候也不是很懂，只聽得懂I, you, is，開始聽到Hello, 結束聽到goodbye。連字與字之間講很快都分不太出來哪個字是哪個字。所以後來我就乾脆不去思考聽懂與否，也不去查單字，也不去想知道在講什麼，直接一連串聽下去，邊聽邊作別的事（逛臉書、整理房間…）總之就是當背景音樂聽。
這樣聽下來，兩個禮拜後我發現了一件驚人的事情：我說英文比較不破了，比較能夠念得順了。因為人有自然模仿的天性，所以就算聽不懂在念什麼，但說話自然會去抓英文的抑仰頓挫跟音調，自然而然就會念得更順。
其實這個方法背後的道理很簡單：就像是把你自己一個人丟到美國，四周的人都在霹靂啪啦講英文，過了一段時間沒有人幫你，你英文卻自然會變好是一樣的意思。
念得更順之後，看文章時在心裡面默念理解的流程，自然就變得更快了。
你可能會問我，這方法要練很久嗎？我可以很有自信地告訴你：只要2-3週，成效就會出來。
重點是「每天都要聽」，不能有哪一天忘掉不聽。只要你前兩週都有持續聽，養成了習慣，就再也沒有負擔了。
2. 每天選擇一篇「紐約時報中文版」的文章，進行提取重點的翻譯訓練（又稱鄉民版翻譯）。
請各位注意以下的每日時間流程。
Step 1：早上在做GMAT訓練/上班前，選擇一篇紐約時報中文版的文章（題材最好是取自己最不熟悉的）。記得要選作者是外國人的，這樣點進去才會有英文原文。
以下以這篇為例：
Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Resigns as C.E.O.
Step 2：不要看官方的中文翻譯，把英文複製下來貼到空白文件內。開始進行「鄉民版翻譯」
- 每看一段後眼睛移開英文，思考這一段如果要精簡成一到兩句表達，作者想傳達的是什麼。想清楚之後，再開始動手打下自己的翻譯。如果能結合成一句話就不要打成兩句話，能兩句話就不要三句話。
- 在打出你的理解時，「絕對」不要邊看英文邊打（會被拉走）。如果有忘記內容，那就是停下打字，回去看完一整段，思考清楚後，再移開視線回來打字。
- 可以捨棄不重要的細節、任意換字而不是硬翻字面上的意思、加上適當的連接詞等方法以求文章前後的連貫跟自然。
- 盡可能不要查字典。不懂用猜的，如果真的不懂但是不影響前後文連貫的話，省略不翻也沒關係。
Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Resigns as C.E.O.
優步創辦人辭去執行長
Travis Kalanick stepped down Tuesday as chief executive of Uber, the ride-hailing service that he helped found in 2009 and built into a transportation colossus, after a shareholder revolt made it untenable for him to stay on at the company.
共乘服務優步創辦人在股東決議不適任後辭去執行長。
Mr. Kalanick’s exit came under pressure after hours of drama involving Uber’s investors, according to two people with knowledge of the situation, who asked to remain anonymous because the details were confidential.
不具名內部人士爆料說，金主的壓力迫使他離開。
Earlier on Tuesday, five of Uber’s major investors demanded that the chief executive resign immediately. The investors included one of Uber’s biggest shareholders, the venture capital firm Benchmark, which has one of its partners, Bill Gurley, on Uber’s board. The investors made their demand for Mr. Kalanick to step down in a letter delivered to the chief executive while he was in Chicago, said the people with knowledge of the situation.
五位主要投資者決議後寫信請優步創辦人滾蛋。
In the letter, titled “Moving Uber Forward” and obtained by The New York Times, the investors wrote to Mr. Kalanick that he must immediately leave and that the company needed a change in leadership. Mr. Kalanick, 40, consulted with at least one Uber board member, and after long discussions with some of the investors, he agreed to step down. He will remain on Uber’s board of directors.
信裡面說他必須走，公司需要換人做做看。優步創辦人跟一些內部人士討論後決定請辭，但保留董事會席次。
“I love Uber more than anything in the world and at this difficult moment in my personal life I have accepted the investors request to step aside so that Uber can go back to building rather than be distracted with another fight,” Mr. Kalanick said in a statement.
他說「我深愛這間公司，所以願意犧牲自己避免紛爭成全這間公司的未來」。
The company, with its co-founder Travis Kalanick, is known for its brash, aggressive approach. That approach has taken a toll.
這間公司的許多侵略性手段早已惡名昭彰。
Uber’s board said in a statement that Mr. Kalanick had “always put Uber first” and that his stepping down as chief executive would give the company “room to fully embrace this new chapter in Uber’s history.” An Uber spokesman declined to comment further.
董事會聲明只說「創辦人總是以優步為上，他的離去會讓我們公司改頭換面」。
The move caps months of questions over the leadership of Uber, which has become a prime example of Silicon Valley start-up culture gone awry. The company has been exposed this year as having a workplace culture that included sexual harassment and discrimination, and it has pushed the envelope in dealing with law enforcement and even partners. That tone was set by Mr. Kalanick, who has aggressively turned the company into the world’s dominant ride-hailing service and upended the transportation industry around the globe.
執行長很敢衝，讓優步快速成長成為共乘服務的霸主，但也帶來了職場性騷擾、歧視糾紛，成為矽谷創業文化的反面示範。現在他的離開讓這一連串的紛亂暫時停止。
Mr. Kalanick’s troubles began earlier this year after a former Uber engineer detailed what she said was sexual harassment at the company, opening the floodgates for more complaints and spurring internal investigations. In addition, Uber has been dealing with an intellectual property lawsuit from Waymo, the self-driving car business that operates under Google’s parent company, and a federal inquiry into a software tool that Uber used to sidestep some law enforcement.
一開始是有前女員工控訴優步有性騷擾，後來又爆出侵犯智財權的糾紛以及規避法律的行為。
Uber has been trying to move past its difficult history, which has grown inextricably tied to Mr. Kalanick. In recent months, Uber has fired more than 20 employees after an investigation into the company’s culture, embarked on major changes to professionalize its workplace, and is searching for new executives including a chief operating officer.
優步內部成員、主管換血，改善職場環境，為的是要擺脫這些執行長領導風格所帶來的黑歷史。
Mr. Kalanick last week said he would take an indefinite leave of absence from Uber, partly to work on himself and to grieve for his mother, who died last month in a boating accident. He said Uber’s day-to-day management would fall to a committee of more than 10 executives.
執行長上週說要無限期休假，職務將會分攤給10人委員會暫行。
An investigation into Uber’s troubled company culture has led to changes in leadership. The chief executive has taken a leave of absence and several others have been fired over the past two weeks.
對優步的調查讓這間公司蛻變。現在執行長去休假了，內部人事也大地震。
But the shareholder letter indicated that his taking time off was not enough for some investors who have pumped millions of dollars into the ride-hailing company, which has seen its valuation swell to nearly $70 billion. For them, Mr. Kalanick had to go.
但某些砸大錢投資優步的金主還是不滿意，堅持要執行長徹底滾蛋。
The five shareholders who demanded Mr. Kalanick’s resignation include some of the technology industry’s most prestigious venture capital firms, which invested in Uber at an early stage of the company’s life, as well as a mutual fund firm. Apart from Benchmark, they are First Round Capital, Lowercase Capital, Menlo Ventures and Fidelity Investments, which together own more than a quarter of Uber’s stock. Because some of the investors hold a type of stock that endows them with an outsize number of votes, they have about 40 percent of Uber’s voting power.
五個來自各大基金投資公司，佔40%投票權的投資者要求執行長下台。
Benchmark, Lowercase, First Round, Menlo Ventures and Fidelity did not respond to requests for comment.
他們至今尚未對這件事回應。
But on Twitter, Mr. Gurley of Benchmark, one of the earliest supporters of Mr. Kalanick at Uber, said of the executive, “There will be many pages in the history books devoted to @travisk — very few entrepreneurs have had such a lasting impact on the world.”
但其中某一個早期支持執行長的金主在推特上說「他對世界貢獻歷史有目共睹，」
Mr. Kalanick’s resignation opens questions of who may take over Uber, especially since the company has been so molded in his image. And Mr. Kalanick will probably remain a presence there since he still retains control of a majority of Uber’s voting shares.
現在執行長走了，這位子要換誰來坐好？公司還是保有他的風格，且他在董事會還是有決定權。
Taking a start-up chief executive to task so publicly is relatively unusual in Silicon Valley, where investors often praise entrepreneurs and their aggressiveness, especially if their companies are growing fast. It is only when those start-ups are in a precarious position or are declining that shareholders move to protect their investment.
像這種公開的撤換CEO在矽谷很罕見，因為金主往往都很看好敢衝敢公司往上帶的創業者。只有當公司有成長危機時，金主才會為了保本而出手。
In the case of Uber — one of the most highly valued private companies in the world — investors could lose billions of dollars if the company were to be marked down in valuation.
若是優步的估值下降，則投資者會損失幾十億美金。
Uber, which has raised more than $14 billion from investors since its founding in 2009, has a wide base of shareholders apart from the ones who signed the letter. Uber’s investors also include TPG Capital, the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia, mutual fund giants like BlackRock and wealthy clients of firms like Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs.
除了前述五大金主外，優步的投資者遍佈世界各地，拉來140億美元的鉅額資金。
In the letter, in addition to Mr. Kalanick’s immediate resignation, the five shareholders asked for improved oversight of the company’s board by filling two of three empty board seats with “truly independent directors.” They also demanded that Mr. Kalanick support a board-led search committee for a new chief executive and that Uber immediately hire an experienced chief financial officer.
除了要求下台之外，五大金主還要公司引入獨立董事、成立特別小組找尋新CEO以及找到新的財務長。
Mr. Kalanick is stepping down as Uber works to improve its relationships with some of its constituencies. Earlier Tuesday, the company emailed its drivers, who work as contractors, to let them know they would soon be allowed to take tips, which drivers had not been able to accept previously. The tipping change was among several new initiatives announced for drivers.
優步正在設法改善跟合作夥伴的關係，比如最近就開放了「付給司機小費」功能。
“Over the next 180 days we are committed to making driving with Uber better than ever,” the company said. “We know there’s a long road ahead, but we won’t stop until we get there.”
公司聲明：接下來半年，我們將會讓優步比以前更好。雖然還有很多路要走，但我們永不放棄。
Step 3：打完這份初稿之後，放下來。去做別的事情（比如GMAT備考）。
Step 4：中午回來，針對早上的中文初稿重讀一次並潤稿。
- 把剛剛打的內容蒐集在一起，英文拿掉。
- 從頭到尾僅讀一遍自己的中文初稿，看看哪裡有牛頭不對馬嘴的地方，這代表你意思抓錯了，或者原本是重點的事情省略掉了，才會不連貫。
- 回去看相對應的英文部分及上下文，重新思考作者想傳達的重點並修正你剛打的東西。
- 幫文章裡的段落進行整合，按照自己的理解把主題相近的幾個小段合併成一個大段。
- 這時也千萬不要看官方的中譯。
優步創辦人辭去執行長
共乘服務優步創辦人在股東決議不適任後辭去執行長。不具名內部人士爆料說，金主的壓力迫使他離開。五位主要投資者決議後寫信請優步創辦人滾蛋。信裡面說他必須走，公司需要換人做做看。優步創辦人跟一些內部人士討論後決定請辭，但保留董事會席次。他說「我深愛這間公司，所以願意犧牲自己避免紛爭成全這間公司的未來」。
這間公司的許多侵略性手段早已惡名昭彰。董事會聲明只說「創辦人總是以優步為上，他的離去會讓我們公司改頭換面」。執行長很敢衝，讓優步快速成長成為共乘服務的霸主，但也帶來了職場性騷擾、歧視糾紛，成為矽谷創業文化的反面示範。現在他的離開讓這一連串的紛亂暫時停止。一開始是有前女員工控訴優步有性騷擾，後來又爆出侵犯智財權的糾紛以及規避法律的行為。優步內部成員、主管換血，改善職場環境，為的是要擺脫這些執行長領導風格所帶來的黑歷史。
執行長上週說要無限期休假，職務將會分攤給10人委員會暫行。對優步的調查讓這間公司蛻變。現在執行長去休假了，內部人事也大地震。但某些砸大錢投資優步的金主還是不滿意，堅持要執行長徹底滾蛋。五個來自各大基金投資公司，佔40%投票權的投資者要求執行長下台。他們至今尚未對這件事回應。但其中某一個早期支持執行長的金主在推特上說「他對世界貢獻歷史有目共睹，」
現在執行長走了，這位子要換誰來坐好？公司還是保有他的風格，且他在董事會還是有決定權。像這種公開的撤換CEO在矽谷很罕見，因為金主往往都很看好敢衝敢公司往上帶的創業者。只有當公司有成長危機時，金主才會為了保本而出手。若是優步的估值下降，則投資者會損失幾十億美金。除了前述五大金主外，優步的投資者遍佈世界各地，拉來140億美元的鉅額資金。
除了要求下台之外，五大金主還要公司引入獨立董事、成立特別小組找尋新CEO以及找到新的財務長。優步正在設法改善跟合作夥伴的關係，比如最近就開放了「付給司機小費」功能。公司聲明：接下來半年，我們將會讓優步比以前更好。雖然還有很多路要走，但我們永不放棄。
Step 5：一修完成後，放下來。去做別的事情。
Step 6：傍晚回來依照Step4的操作，再度進行二修。
Step 7：二修完成後，放下來。去做別的事情。
Step 8：睡前，將二修後的稿件，與官方中文對照。
一天結束的睡前，經過一次編寫＋兩次修改的文稿，應當已經找不出來有任何不順的地方，是你內心認為已經完美的翻譯。此時再拿去跟官方中文對照，檢查是否有理解錯誤或重點抓錯。
當你做了一兩週，已經習慣看完一段不用回去讀就能迅速抓到意思並且打出來連貫的大意，那就換成一次兩段兩段看，再一次打精簡大意！等到兩段也能駕輕就熟，那就可以開始換到GMAT文章重新做邏輯簡圖的訓練了。
以上，就是針對閱讀速度提升的訓練流程。各位要記得一定要「每天」都做。一開始會很痛苦，會開始懷疑這個方法的價值，會開始懷疑這跟GMAT有什麼關係。但是，請看下面兩位同學（一個多月V24->V38; 一個月V21->V35）的回顧：
簡而言之，做就對了。
About Dustin
最不專業的GMAT教學分享平台。
最討厭商學院卻考了GMAT。
為GMAT考生打造的輔助學習網站。
（那個，拜託，不要叫我老師或顧問。）